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Shirley Temple Black (née Temple; April 23, 1928 – February 10, 2014) was an American film and television actress, singer, dancer, and public servant, most famous as Hollywood's number-one box-office star from 1935 through 1938. As an adult, she entered politics and became a diplomat, serving as United States Ambassador to Ghana and later to Czechoslovakia, and as Chief of Protocol of the United States. Temple began her film career in 1932 at the age of three. In 1934, she found international fame in ''Bright Eyes'', a feature film designed specifically for her talents. She received a special Juvenile Academy Award in February 1935 for her outstanding contribution as a juvenile performer to motion pictures during 1934, and film hits such as ''Curly Top'' and ''Heidi'' followed year after year during the mid-to-late 1930s. Licensed merchandise that capitalized on her wholesome image included dolls, dishes, and clothing. Her box-office popularity waned as she reached adolescence.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.biography.com/people/shirley-temple-9503798 )〕 She appeared in a few films of varying quality in her mid-to-late teens, and retired completely from films in 1950 at the age of 22. She was the top box-office draw in Hollywood for four years in a row (1935–38) in a ''Motion Picture Herald'' poll.〔Balio 227〕〔Windeler 26〕 Temple returned to show business in 1958 with a two-season television anthology series of fairy tale adaptations. She made guest appearances on television shows in the early 1960s and filmed a sitcom pilot that was never released. She sat on the boards of corporations and organizations including The Walt Disney Company, Del Monte Foods and the National Wildlife Federation. She began her diplomatic career in 1969, with an appointment to represent the United States at a session of the United Nations General Assembly. In 1988, she published her autobiography, ''Child Star''. Temple was the recipient of numerous awards and honors, including the Kennedy Center Honors and a Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award. She ranks 18th on the American Film Institute's list of the greatest female American screen legends of Classic Hollywood cinema. ==Early years== Shirley Temple was born on April 23, 1928, in Santa Monica, California. She was the daughter of Gertrude Amelia Temple (née Krieger), a homemaker, and George Francis Temple, a bank employee. The family was of English, German, and Dutch ancestry.〔Edwards 15, 17〕〔Windeler 16〕 She had two brothers, George Francis, Jr., and John Stanley.〔〔Edwards 15〕〔Burdick 3〕 Temple's mother encouraged her infant daughter's singing, dancing, and acting talents, and in September 1931, enrolled her in Meglin's Dance School in Los Angeles.〔Edwards 29–30〕〔Windeler 17〕〔Burdick 6〕 About this time, Temple's mother began styling her daughter's hair in ringlets similar to those of silent film star Mary Pickford.〔Edwards 26〕 While at Meglin's, she was spotted by Charles Lamont, a casting director for Educational Pictures. Although Shirley hid behind the piano while in the studio, Lamont took a shine to her, inviting her to audition, and in 1932, signed her to a contract. Educational Pictures were about to launch their ''Baby Burlesks'',〔Edwards 31〕〔Black 14〕〔Edwards 31–4〕〔Windeler 111〕 a series of short films satirizing recent film and political events, using preschool children in every role. Because the children were dressed as adults and given mature dialogue, the series was eventually seen as dated and exploitive. ''Baby Burlesks'' was a series of one-reelers; another series of two-reelers called ''Frolics of Youth'' followed, with Temple playing Mary Lou Rogers, a youngster in a contemporary suburban family.〔Windeler 113, 115, 122〕 To underwrite production costs at Educational, Temple and her child co-stars modeled for breakfast cereals and other products.〔Black 15〕〔Edwards 36〕 She was lent to Tower Productions for a small role in her first feature film (''The Red-Haired Alibi'') in 1932〔Black 28〕〔Edwards 37, 366〕 and, in 1933, to Universal, Paramount, and Warner Bros., for various bit parts.〔Edwards 267–9〕〔Windeler 122〕 After Educational Pictures declared bankruptcy in 1933, her father purchased her contract for $25. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shirley Temple」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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